Who does carsharing better – OEMs or start-ups?

Who does carsharing better – OEMs or start-ups?

Who does carsharing better – OEMs or start-ups?

The carsharing industry is at a crossroads. Once hailed as the future of urban mobility, it has seen a mix of success and failure, with some players thriving and others closing shop. So we ask: why do some carsharing ventures fail while others continue to grow? And more importantly, what does it take to run a sustainable and profitable carsharing business in today’s competitive landscape?

Recent developments have been telling. Two OEM-backed carsharing ventures have recently shut down, while independent operators continue to expand, and a new entrant – Kia – has just launched its own service. This article takes you into the challenges, key success factors, and the evolving role of technology in the industry.

OEMs vs. startups: What's the difference?

Before diving into specific cases, it’s important to clarify what OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) are and how they differ from startups. OEMs are traditional car manufacturers – companies like Kia, Volvo, or Ford – that primarily produce and sell vehicles under their brand names. Some OEMs have expanded into mobility services, including carsharing, but often struggle because their main focus remains on car sales.

In contrast, startups and independent operators like GreenMobility are built from the ground up as mobility service providers. They don’t manufacture cars but instead focus entirely on the carsharing experience, optimizing operations, technology, and customer service. This difference in core focus often determines success or failure in the carsharing industry.

OEM carsharing ventures

Automakers have long recognized the potential of carsharing as a way to diversify revenue streams, enhance brand loyalty, and explore new mobility business models. However, history has shown that simply putting cars on the streets and creating an app isn’t enough to make carsharing work.

Several OEM-backed carsharing services have struggled to maintain profitability. Volvo’s Volvo On Demand recently announced its closure as part of a broader strategy to optimize costs. Similarly, SEAT ceased operations at the end of 2024 due to declining demand and rising operational costs (€31 million total losses, with €11 million lost in 2023 alone, against a turnover of €16 million).

The challenges OEMs face in carsharing stem from several factors:

  • High operational costs: Fleet management, maintenance, insurance, and parking fees add up quickly.
  • Consumer behavior: Unlike leasing, carsharing requires a behavioral shift from users, who must plan trips around vehicle availability.
  • Integration challenges: Traditional automakers are structured around car sales, not service-based mobility solutions. This makes it difficult to operate carsharing efficiently.

However, these closures don’t necessarily mean that carsharing itself is an unsustainable model. Instead, they highlight the need for a different approach – one that independent players are executing more effectively.

New entrants and independent operators

While OEM carsharing ventures struggle, independent operators like GreenMobility are experiencing growth. Unlike traditional automakers, these companies are built from the ground up as mobility service providers, allowing them to operate more efficiently.

GreenMobility’s growth can be attributed to:

  • A laser focus on carsharing: Unlike OEMs, which juggle multiple business lines, independent companies dedicate their entire strategy to optimizing the carsharing experience.
  • Smart cost control: Leveraging technology for fleet management and maintenance allows them to run lean operations.
  • Strategic market selection: Choosing the right cities with high demand and favorable regulatory environments plays a huge role in their success.

By leveraging a digital-first approach, these companies are able to optimize vehicle utilization, reduce operational costs, and offer a seamless user experience—something OEMs often struggle to achieve.

Does KIA’s entry in carsharing bring new hopes?

Amidst the shifting landscape, Kia has entered the carsharing market with its new service, Hyr & Dela. Unlike previous OEM carsharing attempts, Kia's model focuses on businesses rather than individual consumers. This service allows companies to rent vehicles on a monthly basis and share them among employees, partners, or customers via a digital platform.

Why does this approach make sense?

  • Higher vehicle utilization: By targeting businesses, Kia ensures that its vehicles are in use more frequently than traditional consumer-focused carsharing models.
  • Fleet management efficiency: A B2B-focused model allows for easier scheduling, tracking, and maintenance planning.
  • Electric vehicle (EV) adoption: Kia’s service aligns with the growing trend of businesses adopting EVs for sustainability goals.

If executed well, Kia’s corporate-focused carsharing model could prove to be a sustainable business approach, avoiding many of the pitfalls that plagued previous OEM carsharing attempts.

5 lessons we have learned from this

So, what can current and future carsharing ventures learn from these experiences?

1. Adaptability is key

Rigid business models and a lack of flexibility are major roadblocks to success. Carsharing services need to be highly adaptable, leveraging data to adjust pricing, fleet locations, and service offerings dynamically.

2. Cost management determines longevity

Carsharing is a capital-intensive business. Operators need to optimize fleet efficiency, reduce downtime, and control maintenance and insurance costs. This is where independent operators often outperform OEMs, as they are more agile in managing expenses.

3. Technology is a game-changer

A carsharing platform is only as good as its technology. Companies partnering with mobility tech providers like ATOM Mobility can benefit from advanced booking systems, automated fleet management, and data-driven decision-making—key elements for a seamless and cost-effective service.

4. Market selection matters

Choosing the right city or region for carsharing is crucial. Factors like public transportation integration, parking regulations, and urban population density can make or break a carsharing business.

5. OEMs need a service-oriented mindset

Carsharing is not just about providing access to vehicles—it’s about service excellence, convenience, and user experience. For OEMs to succeed, they need to rethink their approach and adopt a more customer-centric mindset.

The future of carsharing

The carsharing industry is at an inflection point. While some OEM-backed services have faced hurdles, independent operators like GreenMobility and strategic initiatives like Kia’s Hyr & Dela show that success is still possible with the right approach. The key lies in adaptability, cost control, technology integration, and market focus.

As the industry continues to evolve, Kia’s entry into corporate carsharing is an exciting development. With a smart strategy and strong execution, they have the potential to carve out a successful niche in the market.

We’ll be keeping an eye on Kia’s progress and, in the meantime, wishing them the best of luck in their new venture. Let’s hope they are here to stay!

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How to choose car sharing software: an operator’s checklist
How to choose car sharing software: an operator’s checklist

🚗 Choosing car sharing software? Look beyond the rider app. Our checklist covers what to test in a demo, from keyless access and fleet operations to costs and support for both car sharing and digital rental.

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Choosing car sharing software is more than choosing an app where customers can find and unlock a car. The same system has to verify drivers, take payments, communicate with vehicles, handle problems during a trip, and give your team the tools to keep cars available. The difference between two platforms often becomes clear only when something goes wrong: a customer cannot unlock a car, a payment fails, a vehicle needs to be taken out of service, or an operator wants to introduce advance bookings alongside short trips.

If you are comparing providers, ask them to show how these situations work in the actual product. Here is what to check.

Start with the operating model

“Car sharing” can mean several different things. A free-floating service lets customers find a nearby car and end a trip within an allowed area. A station-based service may require them to return the car to a specific location. Corporate fleets, peer-to-peer services, and self-service rentals have different booking, access, and approval rules.

Write down how your service will work before requesting demos:

  • Can customers start a trip immediately, reserve a car for later, or both?
  • Do they book a specific vehicle or a vehicle category?
  • Where can they pick up and return the car?
  • Will you charge by the minute, hour, day, distance, or a combination?
  • Do you need deposits, subscriptions, corporate accounts, or different prices by location?

Ask the provider to configure these rules in a demo. A platform that supports “car sharing” in general may still require development to support your exact model.

Check the complete customer journey

The app needs to do more than display vehicles on a map. Follow one booking from the first app open to the final receipt. Check registration, ID and driver's licence verification, vehicle discovery, booking, payment authorisation, keyless access, trip extension, damage reporting, and trip completion.

For advance rentals, check whether customers can book from your website as well as the app. Ask to see the complete web-to-app journey: selecting a vehicle and dates, confirming the reservation, and continuing to payment, licence verification, and vehicle access. Find out whether the website can complete the entire rental or whether customers must install the app after booking. ATOM Mobility's web-booker, for example, lets customers reserve on the web and then complete payment, and ID verification in the app.

Then test the exceptions. What does the customer see if verification fails, the car does not unlock, the vehicle is no longer available, or the payment cannot be collected? Can your support team see what happened and resolve it without contacting a developer?

This matters because customers judge the entire journey, including how quickly they can recover when a step fails.

Make vehicle connectivity a separate decision

Car sharing depends on reliable communication between the platform and the vehicle. Depending on the vehicle and hardware, this may include location, lock and unlock commands, mileage, fuel or battery level, and other status data. Ask for a list of supported telematics providers, rather than accepting a general statement that the platform is “hardware agnostic.” For your proposed fleet, establish:

  • Which functions already work, and which require a new integration?
  • Is hardware installation required? Who supplies and supports it?
  • What happens when the vehicle temporarily loses connectivity?
  • Who investigates a failed command: the software provider, hardware supplier, or operator?
  • What are the hardware, installation, connectivity, and integration costs?

Hardware flexibility is valuable when you expand or change suppliers, but the integration for the vehicles you plan to buy now is the first thing to verify.

Look closely at day-to-day fleet operations

The customer app gets the attention, but your team will spend much of its time in the management dashboard and operator tools. Ask a provider to show how staff:

  • Take a vehicle out of service and make it bookable again.
  • Find vehicles that need cleaning, charging, refuelling, or maintenance.
  • Review a trip, customer issue, charge, or reported damage.
  • Change prices, service areas, parking rules, and availability.
  • Assign tasks and check what the field team has completed.
  • Track utilisation, vehicle availability, revenue, and trips over time.

Try these tasks with the roles your own team would use. The question is not only whether a feature exists, but how many manual steps it takes to run your fleet every day.

Consider digital rental if it is part of your plans

Car sharing and digital rental increasingly overlap. An operator might offer cars for short city trips and also accept bookings for a weekend. A rental business may begin with advance reservations and later add app-based, keyless access for shorter trips.

The technology shares many components, but the booking rules can differ. A rental may require advance pickup and return times, vehicle or category allocation, availability calendars, deposits, extensions, and different customer handover processes.

If you may operate both models, ask for a demonstration of both: an immediate hourly trip and an advance weekend booking. Check how the system prevents overlapping reservations, applies the correct pricing and deposit rules, and gives your team a clear view of availability. Also establish whether both models can use the same customer account and management setup, or whether additional products and fees are required.

ATOM Mobility supports vehicle sharing and digital rental on its platform. The useful question for any provider, including us, is how your exact combination of models would be configured and operated.

Compare the full cost, not just the software fee

A low monthly licence fee can be attractive, but it may be only one part of the cost. Request a proposal that separates:

Launch, Setup, branding, app publication, migration, and training

Monthly minimums, fees per vehicle or booking, and included modules

Payment processing, refunds, deposits, and any additional transaction fees

Telematics hardware, installation, data plans, and new integrations

Ongoing work such as support level, custom development, and third-party services

Compare the likely cost at your launch fleet size and at a realistic larger fleet. Ask what happens if the fleet is seasonal or grows more slowly than planned.

Build, buy, or combine the two?

Building in-house can make sense when a company has the engineering capacity and needs a customer experience or operating model that available platforms cannot support. It also means taking responsibility for project management, app updates, payments, vehicle integrations, security, monitoring, and support long after launch.

A white-label platform can shorten the route to market and spread that technical work across an established product. In return, you depend on the provider's supported features, integrations, development priorities, and service levels.

Slovenian car-sharing operator GreenGo initially spent two years developing its own app before switching to ATOM Mobility. Its experience shows why it is worth comparing the time and resources required to build with what an existing platform can already deliver. Read GreenGo's story: https://www.atommobility.com/blog/greengo-chooses-atom-mobility-to-power-its-electric-car-sharing-business

There is also a middle option: use a platform for core bookings, fleet management, and vehicle connectivity while building selected experiences or integrations yourself through APIs. If this is your plan, review the API documentation and confirm what your team can actually read, change, and automate.

5 things to request in a provider demo

Before signing, ask each shortlisted provider to demonstrate the same scenarios:

  1. Register and verify a new rider, then make a booking and unlock the proposed vehicle.
  2. Extend a trip, report damage, end the booking, and see the final charge.
  3. Resolve a failed unlock or payment from both the customer's and support team's perspectives.
  4. Remove a car for maintenance, assign the task, and return it to availability.
  5. Configure your actual pricing and parking rules without developer assistance.

Use your intended vehicle models, payment markets, and operating rules in the discussion. For anything that cannot be shown, ask whether it is already available, needs configuration, requires paid development, or is only planned.

The best car sharing software is the one that supports your model reliably, gives your team control over daily operations, and leaves room for the business you intend to build next. A practical demo and a complete cost proposal will tell you more than a long feature list.

If you are evaluating car sharing alongside self-service rental, talk to ATOM Mobility about your fleet and operating model. We can show you how both models work on the platform and help you plan migration and scaling.

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Unlock more mobility opportunities with the ATOM Mobility and Umob partnership
Unlock more mobility opportunities with the ATOM Mobility and Umob partnership

🌍 Reach more riders with ATOM Mobility and Umob. The integration gives shared mobility operators an additional distribution channel, helping attract new customers, generate more bookings and improve fleet utilization.

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The future of mobility is not just about operating vehicles. It is about creating convenient journeys that bring different transportation options together in one simple customer experience.

That is why we are excited to highlight our partnership with Umob, helping mobility operators expand their reach and become part of a growing multimodal mobility ecosystem.

Whether you operate shared cars, scooters, bikes or mopeds through the ATOM Mobility platform, integrating with Umob allows your service to become accessible to thousands of Umob users looking for a convenient way to travel.

Why this partnership matters

Today's users expect flexibility. They don't think in terms of individual mobility providers, they simply want the fastest, easiest, and most convenient route from A to B.

Umob brings different mobility providers and transport options together in one app. Users can find, compare, book and pay for different mobility options without having to download a separate app or create a new account for every provider.

By connecting your fleet to Umob, operators can:

  • Reach new customers through an established MaaS (Mobility as a Service) platform.
  • Increase vehicle utilization by attracting additional demand.
  • Become part of multimodal journeys that combine public transport, shared mobility, taxis, and other transportation options.
  • Grow without investing in additional customer acquisition channels.

For ATOM Mobility customers, the integration is designed to provide a straightforward way to unlock new distribution opportunities while continuing to manage their core operations through the ATOM Mobility platform.

How the integration works

Through the ATOM Mobility platform, participating operators can connect their fleets with Umob, enabling users to discover and use available vehicles directly through the Umob app.

Once connected, vehicles from participating operators can appear in Umob alongside other available mobility options, giving users one clear overview of the different ways they can get from A to B.

Users can discover an available vehicle, reserve and unlock it, start and end their ride, and pay directly through Umob.

The integration is designed to support:

  • Real-time vehicle availability.
  • A seamless booking and ride experience for users.
  • Secure communication between platforms.
  • Consistent operational control for fleet operators.

Operators continue to manage their fleet, pricing, service areas and day-to-day operations through the ATOM Mobility platform, while Umob provides an additional channel through which users can discover and access their vehicles.

Business impact

For mobility operators, connecting with Umob creates an additional distribution channel without changing the way they manage their day-to-day operations through ATOM Mobility.

By making vehicles available to thousands of Umob users, operators can increase their visibility at the moment people are actively looking for a ride. This creates the potential to attract new users, generate additional bookings and improve fleet utilization over time.

Every market is different, but many operators see MaaS partnerships as an important part of their long-term growth strategy. 

Launch partner spotlight: ZEUS Mobility

One of the first ATOM Mobility operators to launch through the Umob integration is ZEUS Mobility, an ambitious European e-scooter sharing provider with a strong focus on innovation, a dynamic approach and challenging the established players in the market.

Fittingly, the partnership itself started through the ATOM Mobility network.

ZEUS and Umob first met at an ATOM Mobility event in Riga. While the initial introduction happened during the event, it was over drinks later that evening that the conversation really started.

ZEUS had already come across the Umob brand on mobility vehicles while travelling and had been impressed by the professional approach the company was taking. That recognition quickly turned into a conversation about how both companies could strengthen their propositions by working together.

From there, the integration moved forward quickly. ZEUS describes the preparation and integration process so far as “clean, professional and smooth.”

For ZEUS, the partnership creates an opportunity to strengthen the visibility of its brand, reach new customers and support its wider European growth ambitions.

Following its acquisition of Superpedestrian in May 2026, ZEUS is looking to accelerate its growth throughout 2026 and 2027, with the Umob partnership forming part of that ambition.

“ZEUS is thrilled to be partnering with Umob in European markets. Following our acquisition of Superpedestrian in May 2026, ZEUS is seeking to rapidly grow through 2026 and 2027. This partnership can help to drive this growth and reach new customers in new markets. We look forward to a rewarding partnership.” - Damian Young, ZEUS Mobility

About Umob

One app to ride them all. Umob is an all-in-one mobility platform that brings different mobility providers and transport options together in one app.

Users can find, compare, book and pay for shared bikes, e-bikes, scooters, mopeds, public transport, taxis and other available mobility options through one account and one payment experience. Instead of downloading and registering with a separate app for every provider or every new city, users can open Umob and see the available mobility options around them.

Today, Umob is available in 28+ countries and 300+ cities, giving thousands of users an easier way to access different forms of mobility both at home and while travelling.

Key facts

  • One app for different mobility options.
  • Find, compare, book and pay in one app.
  • Available in 28+ countries and 300+ cities.
  • Thousands of users already use the Umob platform.
  • Multiple local mobility providers within one user experience.
  • The same ride, for the same price as with the local provider.
Umob app
Ready to expand your reach?

If you're already operating your shared mobility service on the ATOM Mobility platform, connecting with Umob could be the next step toward reaching more users and becoming part of a truly connected mobility ecosystem.

If you're interested in enabling the integration or learning more about how it works, get in touch with our team. We look forward to helping more operators connect, collaborate, and make sustainable mobility easier for everyone.

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