Insights and news from the ATOM Mobility team

For a taxi fleet owner, autonomous vehicles may seem to remove the most important part of the current business – the driver. But even without drivers, someone still needs to take care of the cars. They need to be owned or financed, charged, cleaned, inspected and repaired. Someone also needs to manage depots, deal with incidents, help customers and make sure enough cars are available.

The first robotaxi services and tests in Europe are already showing how this could work. The company that develops the autonomous driving technology does not always own or operate the cars. The app where customers book their rides may come from another company too. This could leave an important role for taxi, rental, car-sharing and other fleet companies that already know how to manage vehicles.

What changes when the driver disappears?

A taxi company today manages both cars and drivers. Drivers need to be recruited, scheduled, paid and supported. With a driverless fleet, these tasks would eventually disappear, but most of the work related to the cars would stay.

Autonomous cars still need charging or refuelling, cleaning, tyres, inspections, repairs and insurance. They also need somewhere to park when they are not working. If there is an accident or a technical problem, someone needs to deal with it and get the car back on the road. Customer support is still needed too when there are problems with bookings or payments, or when someone leaves something in the car.

Some of these tasks may even become more important. Robotaxis are expensive, and every hour a car spends charging, being cleaned or waiting for maintenance is an hour when it cannot take passengers. Moove, for example, already provides fleet ownership, depots, charging, maintenance and 24/7 operations for autonomous vehicles.

Drivers also do more than drive: they notice damage, report faults, help passengers and respond when something goes wrong. Without a driver, these responsibilities need clear processes and dedicated support. Existing fleet experience is an advantage, but operators will need to adapt it to vehicles running without someone behind the wheel.

Who actually runs a robotaxi service?

There can be several companies behind one robotaxi ride. One provides autonomous driving technology, another may own the cars, and a local company can take care of the fleet. A platform such as Uber can then connect the cars with passengers. Sometimes one company may do several of these things, but this is not always the case.

Zagreb is one example. Pony.ai provides the autonomous driving system, Verne owns and operates the fleet, and Uber connects it with customers through its app. Autonomous rides became commercially available through Uber in August 2026 with a licensed operator onboard. On 10 September, Pony.ai and Verne also started fully driverless passenger test rides on a 22-kilometre route connecting parts of Zagreb with the airport. These are still limited test rides, not a fully driverless service across the whole city.

A similar model is being tested in Madrid. WeRide, Uber and AVOMO received permission in September 2026 to start testing and mapping under Spain’s ES-AV framework. The first 20 vehicles have an onboard specialist. WeRide provides the autonomous technology, Uber connects the cars with passengers, and AVOMO takes care of fleet operations. Commercial operations are planned for later in 2026, but the current permit is for testing and preparation rather than a general driverless taxi service.

In London, Wayve and Uber launched supervised autonomous passenger rides in September 2026. Customers can be matched with an autonomous vehicle through the Uber app, but there is still a licensed driver in the car.

Europe is preparing for larger robotaxi fleets

The plans for the next few years are already much bigger. Pony.ai and Uber announced in August 2026 that they plan to deploy more than 2,000 robotaxis in Europe, starting with Zagreb and later expanding to four more European cities.

Bolt and Lucid announced another partnership in September, with Bolt aiming to deploy at least 25,000 autonomous Lucid vehicles across European cities. This is a future target, not 25,000 cars already operating today.

How these fleets are owned and operated may also be different from one city to another. Local regulations, available vehicles, charging and depot infrastructure and partnerships will all have an effect on how each service is set up.

What could this mean for taxi companies?

Taxi companies already do many of the things that would still be needed with an autonomous fleet. They maintain cars, deal with insurance and incidents, provide customer support and make sure enough vehicles are available. Some also already have their own depots, charging infrastructure or maintenance partners.

One possible model can already be seen in Zagreb. A local company owns and operates the autonomous fleet, while a larger ride-hailing platform brings customers. In the future, an existing taxi company could potentially have a similar role. Instead of managing cars and drivers, it could manage autonomous cars that receive bookings through a larger platform.

This does not mean platforms such as Uber will always rely on other companies to own the cars. Uber’s 2026 agreement with Rivian includes up to $1.25 billion in milestone-dependent investment and says that Uber or its fleet partners may purchase the autonomous vehicles. Uber is also developing infrastructure for autonomous fleets. Different ownership models are therefore possible.

What about rental and car-sharing companies?

Autonomous vehicles could also become interesting for rental and car-sharing companies, although this is probably further in the future. These businesses already manage vehicles, maintenance, cleaning, charging, bookings, customer accounts and payments, so much of the practical work is similar.

Autonomous driving could also change how rental and sharing cars are moved. Today, an employee may need to drive a car from one location to another. In the future, the vehicle could potentially do this itself within an area where autonomous driving is approved. It could even become possible for a rental car to drive itself to a customer’s pickup point.

How do you measure a robotaxi fleet?

Without drivers, it becomes especially important to understand how much time each vehicle is actually working. Every hour spent charging, being cleaned, waiting for maintenance or simply sitting unused means less time carrying paying passengers.

Some useful KPIs could be available hours per vehicle, paid trips per vehicle each day, revenue per available vehicle/day, empty kilometres, charging and maintenance downtime, cost per trip and incidents that need human help. These are most popular robotaxi industry KPIs of what a company could measure during a pilot.

For example, if cars spend too much time waiting to charge, the charging setup may need to change. A lot of empty kilometres could mean the cars are not in the right places, while too much maintenance downtime could make a vehicle more expensive to operate.

How could local companies enter the market?

For either model, the business case depends on the partnership terms: who finances the vehicles, who carries the risk when demand is low, and how revenue and operating costs are shared. Operators should assess what remains after vehicle financing, insurance, charging, maintenance and partner fees. Depots, local service teams and reliable fleet availability could make an operator a valuable partner, but profitability still needs to be demonstrated.

One option for taxi fleets would be to work with an autonomous driving company and a larger ride-hailing platform. The local company could own or manage the cars and take care of the fleet, while customers book their rides through the larger platform.

Another option could be possible in cities where large ride-hailing platforms are not present or have limited coverage. A local company could work with an approved AV provider while using its own app, bookings, payments, customer support and fleet management.

In both cases, a company cannot simply buy autonomous cars and start offering rides. The technology needs to be approved, and local rules have to allow the service. These rules will also be different across Europe. Great Britain, for example, introduced its Automated Passenger Services permitting framework in 2026. Services similar to taxis or private hire vehicles need consent from the relevant local authority, while responsibility for the autonomous driving technology and the passenger service are treated separately.

What can fleet companies do now?

A company does not need to have autonomous cars today to start preparing. A good first step is understanding the current fleet in detail – what each vehicle costs, how many hours it is available, how much time it spends charging or being repaired, and when cars are used the most.

Charging, cleaning, maintenance and depot processes are also worth looking at because all of these will still be needed with autonomous vehicles. A company interested in an AV pilot can then choose a location and use case, look at the local permit process and start talking to autonomous driving technology providers.

The software will also need some preparation. Customers still need to book and pay for rides, while the company needs fleet information, customer support, reporting and connections between its own systems and the AV technology. Starting with a small pilot makes it possible to test all of this before trying to build a larger service.

Where could ATOM Mobility fit?

ATOM Mobility already provides many of the software functions used by taxi, ride-hailing, rental and sharing companies, including customer apps, bookings, payments, fleet management, maintenance tasks, analytics and APIs. Its ride-hailing software includes passenger and driver apps, dispatch, payments, fleet data, analytics and integrations. The ATOM Mobility API can also exchange data about vehicles, bookings, rides, payments, telemetry and maintenance tasks.

ATOM Mobility does not provide autonomous driving technology. This would come from a specialised AV company, and each project would have its own technical requirements and local approvals. For an AV pilot, ATOM Mobility could work with the fleet company and AV provider on the rider experience, integrations, fleet management and the data needed to measure how the pilot is working.

If you operate a taxi, rental or sharing fleet and want to explore an AV pilot, ATOM Mobility can help plan the booking and fleet-management setup, integrations and metrics you would need to test together with an AV technology partner.

How is AI transforming the micromobility industry?

🌐 There’s no denying it – we are quickly entering a world we cannot imagine without Artificial Intelligence. That also means changes for the micromobility industry, as AI can help address its challenges, including damage detection, safety, and pricing strategies. 💡 But how is AI transforming the industry? Let’s dive in.

July 2, 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various sectors, and micromobility is no exception. By integrating AI into e-scooters, e-bikes, cars and other small vehicles, the industry is becoming smarter, safer, and more efficient. AI’s prowess in data processing, predictive analytics, and machine learning is driving this transformation, making operations more innovative and productive, and setting a bright future for micromobility.

Let's explore how AI is making a significant impact on the micromobility industry through smart parking, dynamic pricing and rebalancing, and damage detection.

From automating routine tasks to providing deep insights through data analysis, AI is reshaping how we navigate urban environments. Its ability to learn from vast amounts of data and make real-time decisions is crucial for developing efficient, sustainable, and user-friendly transportation solutions.

AI in micromobility

Micromobility refers to small, easy-to-maneuver vehicles like e-scooters, e-bikes, and shared bicycles that operate at speeds typically below 25 km/h. The rise of micromobility is driven by the need for convenient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly urban transport. AI helps tackle critical challenges in the micromobility industry, including parking management, pricing strategies, fleet rebalancing, and damage detection. Companies like SWITCH are leading the way by using advanced algorithms to generate synthetic data, predict demand, optimize fleet distribution, and support strategic planning.

3 business problems AI solves

1) Improper parking

Improper parking can clutter sidewalks and create accessibility issues, frustrating many urban dwellers. AI-driven parking analysis provides a practical solution:

Image Validation: AI modules validate images uploaded by users, ensuring the vehicle is correctly parked. Invalid images require users to retake them.
Real-Time Monitoring: AI systems analyze live feeds of parking images, allowing operators to quickly address poor parking.
Behavioral Improvement: Data from AI analysis helps redefine parking zones and penalize repeat offenders, reducing bad parking practices.
Support Reduction: Accurate parking data significantly decreases the number of support tickets related to parking issues.

Results? Studies show AI parking analysis can drastically improve compliance. For instance, 52% of improperly parked vehicles are correctly re-parked on the second attempt, rising to 82% by the third attempt.

If you're interested in exploring these solutions further, you can read a case study by ATOM Mobility in collaboration with Captur's AI-Powered Photo Verification solution.

2) Dynamic pricing and rebalancing

AI enhances fleet utilization and customer satisfaction through dynamic pricing and rebalancing strategies:

Predictive Rebalancing: AI predicts where vehicles are needed most, optimizing their distribution across the city, increasing fleet utilization, and ensuring availability.
Automated Task Management: Ground teams benefit from automated task assignments, streamlining operations and reducing manual workloads.
Dynamic Pricing: AI adjusts rental costs based on demand, time of day, and location, maximizing revenue and customer retention.

A case study revealed that scooters placed in AI-recommended areas saw a 6% increase in average revenue, and rebalanced vehicles experienced a 10.8% usage increase within 24 hours.

3) Damage detection

Maintaining vehicle condition is crucial for safety and longevity. AI-powered damage detection systems offer a solution:

360-Degree Capture: AI guides users through comprehensive vehicle inspections, capturing detailed images from all angles during pick-up and drop-off.
Damage Detection: AI algorithms detect and assess scratches, dents, and other damages, focusing on types specific to the business’s needs.
Automated Reporting: The system generates detailed reports on vehicle damage history and rental status, ensuring transparency and facilitating prompt repairs.

Automating damage detection helps operators maintain high safety standards and reduces downtime from manual inspections. Companies such as FocalX streamline the damage detection functionality.

Embracing AI for a smarter future

Integrating AI in micromobility is revolutionizing the industry by enhancing operational efficiency, user experience, and safety. As AI technology continues to evolve, its role in shaping the future of micromobility will grow, driving the industry toward smarter, more sustainable urban transportation solutions.

For micromobility operators, embracing AI technologies is not just an option but a necessity to stay competitive and meet the growing demands of urban commuters. The future of micromobility is intelligent, efficient, and AI-driven.

Join the ATOM Academy

Ready to dive deeper into the world of shared mobility and learn how to use AI to transform your business? Join the ATOM Academy for FREE expert knowledge, practical insights, and innovative strategies that will help you stay ahead in the rapidly evolving micromobility industry. Visit ATOM Mobility to learn more. Let's drive the future of urban transportation together!

From vision to reality: building a personalized white label taxi app

The world of taxi apps is booming, but the idea of building your own from scratch can be daunting. 🚕 What if there was a faster, more cost-effective way to launch your ride-hailing service? Enter white label taxi apps. These pre-built solutions provide a shortcut to your business while skipping the lengthy and costly software development process. In this guide, we'll explore the many advantages of white label taxi apps, from quicker launch times to features that help you attract and retain riders.

June 4, 2024

The world of taxi apps is booming, but the idea of building your own from scratch can be daunting.

What if there was a faster, more cost-effective way to launch your ride-hailing service?

Enter white label taxi apps.

These pre-built solutions provide a shortcut to your business while skipping the lengthy and costly software development process.

In this guide, we'll explore the many advantages of white label taxi apps, from quicker launch times to features that help you attract and retain riders. We'll also guide you through the process of building your vision, from defining your target audience to crafting a unique selling proposition.

Why build a taxi app using white label software?

The answer is simple – white label taxi app solutions help to bridge your business idea with reality. There’s no need to build a taxi app from ground zero, since the solutions are already there – tried, tested and waiting for your branding.

If you’re still not sure about the benefits of using a white label taxi platform over building your own, consider these advantages:

Faster development and launch time

White label apps are pre-built, allowing you to launch your service much quicker and skip the lengthy and expensive process of custom development. In addition, such mobility software is continuously updated and developed, complying with the latest regulations and meeting user demands in specific markets.

Cost-effective solution

Building a custom app requires significant investment. White label solutions like ATOM Mobility offer a cost-effective alternative, allowing you to test and refine your concept without breaking the bank.

Once your app is up and running, white label taxi app platforms help you reduce operational costs by automating tasks and increasing operational efficiency for your taxi business.

Customizable features to match your vision

Don't be fooled by the "white label" – your branding can make your taxi app unique. A white label platform gives you the freedom to completely customize the app's look and feel without worrying about the technical intricacies of the app’s operation.

How exactly do you personalize your app’s brand identity? It’s simple and fun – start by adding your logo, choosing your color scheme, and creating in-app copy to match your brand’s voice. Think about creating a seamless user experience that reflects your unique concept and resonates with your target audience.

Scalability to accommodate future growth

White label solutions are designed to be scalable, allowing you to easily add features and accommodate a growing user base. If you choose to build your taxi app with ATOM, you get a user-friendly booking and dispatch software and a powerful admin panel to manage drivers, customers and follow the stats. With time, you can quickly expand to other business verticals and create your unique superapp, keeping it all customized for your brand.

Improved customer satisfaction & loyalty

Gone are the days of hailing cabs or waiting on hold. Your white label taxi app should have the option to get a ride in seconds, with features that are meticulously designed to be as intuitive as possible. With just a few taps, customers should be able to create accounts, book rides, and track their driver's arrival in real time.

When building custom taxi fleet software, this level of convenience and sense of control can take years. White label taxi apps have refined their features to enhance customer satisfaction and build loyalty. Thus you won’t have to lose customers due to technical glitches or slow features.

How to make your white label taxi app stand out?

Before you take the first steps in building your white label taxi app, take a moment to solidify your vision. What will be special about your app and who will be its target users? This roadmap will guide your decisions and ensure your app caters to a specific need within the market.

Lay out a plan including important aspects of your vision, such as:

Define your target audience

It sure is tempting to offer your services to all the taxi riders on the market, but in reality, differentiation works much better. We recommend defining a user segment that would be the primary target audience for your taxi app. Will you focus on budget-minded students, busy business travelers, or families with young children? Choose a niche that's large enough to be sustainable, but targeted enough to stand out.

Choose your unique selling proposition (USP)

Your USP is what will differentiate your app. For example, are you known for eco-friendly vehicles, flat fares, or focusing on specific areas? Maybe you’re a kid and pet-friendly company that offers extras like different-size booster seats and cartoons on board.

Determine key app functionalities and special features

It’s also important to consider what app features are imperative for your business. Which functionalities should definitely be there besides having a rider app, driver app, and admin panel? For example, do you want to offer in-app chat, rider verification options, multiple payment options, etc., or any other special features?

Beyond launch: how to market your app and get loyal customers

Let’s imagine you’ve already launched your white label taxi app by selecting the right platform (like ATOM Mobility), choosing your branding and integrating the desired functionalities. What next?

To ensure long-term success, ongoing marketing and customer acquisition strategies are crucial for the success of your ride-hailing business.

Here's how to hit the ground running:

Know your riders

Leverage built-in analytics within your taxi fleet software to understand rider behavior and preferences. This allows you to create detailed user personas – representations of your ideal customers. By understanding their needs and habits, you can tailor your marketing efforts for maximum impact.

Targeted acquisition

Armed with your user personas, launch targeted advertising campaigns across relevant channels. Social media platforms, local publications, and strategic partnerships with businesses frequented by your target audience can be effective avenues for reaching potential riders.

Loyalty programs to stay top-of-mind

Entice new customers with attractive introductory offers and discounts. Once you've hooked them, implement loyalty programs that reward repeat rides. This could include points systems for free rides, different memberships with exclusive benefits, or referral programs that incentivize existing riders to spread the word.

Harnessing the power of "deals"

Don't underestimate the power of discount codes and promotions. Strategic use of these tools can attract deal-conscious customers and encourage them to try your service.

Top taxi fleet software, like ATOM Mobility, offers various marketing tools, from loyalty and referral programs to integrated email marketing and push notifications that help stay top of mind and re-activate users.

Bring your dream taxi business to life

The world of taxi apps is brimming with potential, and white label solutions empower you to claim your share.

If you’re ready to turn your dream into reality, choose trustworthy taxi fleet software like ATOM Mobility to eliminate all technological headaches. Instead, you can focus on marketing and operations and grow your business with unlimited possibilities.

Contact ATOM Mobility today for a free consultation and explore how we can transform your vision into a thriving ride-hailing business.

What is Mobility-as-a-Service and why MaaS matters for your mobility business?

📱One mobility app to rule them all? MaaS, or Mobility-as-a-service, promises to reshape the urban mobility landscape. But what is it? What are the most noteworthy MaaS solutions out there? And why is MaaS something micromobility service providers should be mindful of? Learn all that and more in our latest article exploring everything MaaS.

May 17, 2024

What is Mobility-as-a-Service and why MaaS matters for your mobility business?

MaaS is short for Mobility-as-a-Servive, and simply put, it combines various mobility options into a single unified mobility app for a city or region.

Today, we have more options for getting from point A to point B than ever before. Vehicle-sharing, ride-hailing, and all sorts of rental services for all types of transports have grown deeply ingrained in our day-to-day lives, fundamentally changing how we choose to move and commute through cities.

But, as we all know, quantity doesn't necessarily equal quality. Just because there are many more options for transportation, doesn't mean that they're the most effective for getting where you want to go:

Crossing an entire city on a scooter will quickly become costly and exhausting.
Renting a car may still have you stuck in traffic.
Commuting with a rental moped may be less environmentally friendly than potential alternatives, e.g. public transportation.
Managing half-a-dozen applications to find the best deals also gets tiresome.

That's where MaaS comes in.

In what follows, we'll take a closer look at what is Mobility-as-a-Service, explore some examples of MaaS implementations, and how MaaS may impact your own mobility business.

Mobility-as-a-Service definition

MaaS solutions integrate various forms of transport services into a single multimodal mobility service accessible on demand. These different transport forms include public transport, as well as ride, car-sharing, and bike-sharing, and others.

Multimodal simply means that users can combine various types of mobility when planning their journeys, e.g. taking a bus for the first leg of the trip and then hopping on a scooter for the last mile.

MaaS has been the talk of the mobility industry for years now and the Mobility-as-a-Service market size is projected to grow explosively over the coming years, especially in the Asia Pacific region.

What are the benefits of Mobility-as-a-Service?

Multimodality is one of the main ones for end-users. Others include a single payment system and general ease-of-use made possible by having multiple mobility services under one roof.

Typically, there are different payment plans available – a monthly subscription model with a fixed monthly fee or “pay-as-you-go” model, where each booked trip is priced separately.

But MaaS is not JUST a mobility service aggregator for city dwellers.

The primary client of a MaaS solution is the municipality. A MaaS solution is first and foremost intended as a way for a city to modernize and gain control over its mobility networks and data.

MaaS lets the local government offer a convenient mobility solution, while equipping the city with insight on transit data, movement flows, and mobility preferences. It also empowers the city to nudge desirable traveler behavior, i.e. promote certain modes of mobility.

For example, the city might subsidize discounts for an integrated bike rental solution during the summer to encourage people to choose cycling over other types of transportation.

MaaS brings together both public and private players – MaaS platform developers, mobility service providers, public transport authorities, and others – and project ownership typically lies with a public institution, hence it may be inaccurate to speak of a general Mobility-as-a-Service business model.

While individual mobility providers may profit from integration as it allows them to reach a broader audience, the MaaS project as a whole will usually operate at a loss. After all, at its core lies public transportation and its core purpose is to improve quality of urban life, not make profit.

Still, MaaS comes in all shapes and sizes, so what are the models of Mobility-as-a-Service? Let's explore this through some examples.

Mobility-as-a-Service examples

One textbook example of a MaaS solution is Berlin's Jelbi. Created by Trafi and Berlin's public transport authority BVG, it brings together every kind of public and shared mobility – ready to be booked in a moment’s notice right from the app.

With Jelbi, Berliners can easily plan multimodal journeys, buy public transport tickets, and pay for services with all the most popular payment methods. With public transport as the backbone, Berlin has built mobility hubs – physical stations across the city, where people can switch from public transport to shared mobility – to facilitate convenient multimodal transport and encourage people to leave their cars at home.

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Trafi was also behind yumuv in Switzerland, which was one of the first that trialed a regional MaaS solution with subscriptions connecting the three cities of Zurich, Bern, and Basel. Though it was only a research project, its ambitious scope spells the potential future of MaaS – a country-wide mobility solution accessible from a single app.

In fact, such a solution has already seen the light of day – glimble. Created by another major player in the MaaS development scene, Moovit, glimble enables easy travel within the Netherlands, offering most of the same benefits as Jelbi, but on a national scale.

A MaaS solution done differently

Technically, if we look at MaaS as a unified multimodal mobility app, then Google Maps also qualifies as a MaaS solution, though it stands out for its global scope and not being tied to any particular city.

Google has proactively partnered with micro mobility partners in various regions, has integrated public transport timetables, and done more to offer a convenient route planning solution. However, the lack of payment integrations and minimal adaptation to local markets makes Google Maps more of a map application with some MaaS capabilities, rather than a full fledged MaaS solution. By the way, are you aware that ATOM Mobility customers can easily showcase their vehicles on Google Maps for free?

Why does MaaS matter to your shared mobility business?

If you're a micro mobility service provider and your city is mulling over launching a MaaS solution, it may be wise to get your foot in the door. Having your service integrated within the city mobility app confers various benefits.

For one, it enables you to reach more people. Being on the city's MaaS app will expose your service to commuters that might otherwise elect to choose other modes of transportation. It also helps overcome a critical adoption barrier – people will be able to conveniently use and pay for your solution, without having to download and sign-up on your individual app.

Secondly and continuing the previous point, it's potentially free advertising. Cities are invested in maximizing their MaaS solution's adoption and spend significant resources in popularizing it. As a result, partnering service providers can piggyback on the marketing efforts of the public transport authority.

Thirdly, it embeds your business with an additional layer of legitimacy. Namely, your solution being chosen by the city gives it an air of “official”ness, especially if your competitors aren't on it. Once again, this may help attract more users.

MaaS – an evolution in urban mobility

MaaS lets cities and their citizens take control over a rapidly evolving mobility landscape. With so many different types of transportation and dozens of companies competing over customers, it can all get a bit hectic.

At the end of the day, finding the best way – be it quickest, cheapest, or environmentally friendliest – is in the interests of both cities and travelers and that's exactly what MaaS tries to offer.

Whether MaaS will become a standard across cities is yet to be seen, as MaaS companies, much like other large-scale mobility businesses, continue to struggle to reach profitability with Finnish startup MaaS Global recently filing for bankruptcy. Still, the technology behind it was snatched up soonafter by Dutch MaaS company umob, signalling faith in the MaaS project at large.

So, if you're a mobility service provider, MaaS is something that you shouldn't ignore.

Bike-sharing advantages and disadvantages – what to bear in mind?

🚲 Considering bike-sharing for your city or business? Learn about the advantages and disadvantages before diving in. 🚀 The global bike-sharing market is booming, projected to reach $12.68 billion by 2027. As the second most popular shared mobility transport mode, it offers both advantages and disadvantages worth considering.

April 19, 2024